| 摘要: |
| 共识算法是区块链系统维护数据一致性的核心机制。本文深入调研并分析了具有代表性的共识算法及其演化历程；基于共识过程提出共识算法的分类模型，并对各类型中代表性的共识算法进行详细分析；最后从去中心化、可扩展性、安全性、一致性、可用性、分区容忍性六个方面建立了一套共识算法的评价指标体系，并对代表性的共识算法进行对比分析，给出各类算法综合性的性能评价，希望为共识算法的应用与创新提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 区块链 共识算法 拜占庭容错 评价体系 |
| DOI：10.19363/J.cnki.cn10-1380/tn.2021.03.06 |
| Received:April 16, 2019Revised:June 21, 2019 |
| 基金项目:本课题得到“2018新技术新应用XX评估与标准体系研究”项目（No.Y8V0971105）；“区块链信息服务XXXX系统（一期）”项目（No.Y8V1181105）；国家重点研发计划“网络空间安全”重大专项“面向互联网+的云服务系统安全防护技术”项目（No.2017YFB0801801）。 |
|
| Overview of blockchain consensus algorithm |
| JIN Shixiong,ZHANG Xiaodan,Ge Jingguo,SHI Hongbin,SUN Yi,Li Ming,LIN Yeming,YAO Zhongjiang |
| School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;China Electronics Standardization Institute, Beijing 100007, China |
| Abstract: |
| Consensus algorithm is a key component of the blockchain system for maintaining data consistence. In this paper, typical consensus algorithms emerged in the development of blockchain are systematically reviewed and discussed. Based on consensus mechanisms, a classification model of blockchain consensus algorithms is given. In each classification category, some typical consensus algorithms are systematically described. Towards the end, a measurement system for consensus algorithms which is based on decentralization, scalability, security and agreement, consistency, availability and partition tolerance is built. With this measurement system, a comparison of these algorithms is made and the comprehensive performance of these algorithms on evaluating indicators is given out. With this work, we aim to offer useful reference for innovation of novel consensus mechanisms and development of the blockchain technology. |
| Key words: blockchain consensus algorithm byzantine fault tolerance measurement system |
