国家网络与运营商网络的一致性分析

朱金玉; 张宇; 王宇楠; 张宏莉; 方滨兴

引用本文：

朱金玉,张宇,王宇楠,张宏莉,方滨兴.国家网络与运营商网络的一致性分析[J].信息安全学报,2025,10(2):67-83 [点击复制]
ZHU Jinyu,ZHANG Yu,WANG Yunan,Z HANG Hongli,FANG Binxing.Similarity Analysis of National Network and Operator’s Network[J].Journal of Cyber Security,2025,10(2):67-83 [点击复制]

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国家网络与运营商网络的一致性分析
朱金玉, 张宇, 王宇楠, 张宏莉, 方滨兴
0 字体:加大+\|默认\|缩小-
(哈尔滨工业大学网络空间安全学院哈尔滨中国 150001)

摘要:

在网络空间主权背景下,以国家主权划分的国家网络与以网络所有权划分的运营商网络之间存在不一致情况。为研究全球各国家的国家网络和运营商网络中互联网基础设施的部署情况,本文从网络拓扑测量数据的角度,提出国家网络和运营商网络的一致性分析方法。首先采用基于路由器约束的启发式方法标注拓扑数据所在的国家与运营商,提取一份全球路由器的国家级“管辖权-所有权”的数据集。其次,提出基于相似率和境外占比差的国家网络与运营商网络的一致性指标,从网络和边界、路由器和连接多维度进行量化,获得一份全球各国家的国家网络与运营商网络的一致性值。最后,从路由器的部署规模、范围和一致性角度研究不同国家互联网基础设施的部署现状和影响。实验结果表明,基于路由器约束的启发式方法标注拓扑数据的覆盖率为99.12%,经互联网交换中心数据验证标注地理国家的准确率为96.47%,运营商国家的准确率为75.08%。在拓扑数据覆盖的全球187个主权国家中,国家网络和运营商网络的境内相似率均值为0.66,有106个国家高于平均值,境外占比差均值为0.15,有121个国家低于平均值。绝大多数国家在网络中路由器和连接的一致性高于在边界一致性。95个国家一致性较高。少数国家拥有着全球互联网大部分的资源,与众多国家的互联网基础设施关联密切,如美国拥有全球路由器总数的39.2%,这些路由器部署在111个国家,而109个国家的路由器部署在5个国家以内。中国、以色列、美国、英国和挪威等国家的互联网基础设施分布在他国的数目远多于他国部署在本国领土的数目,而日本、墨西哥、芬兰、德国等国家恰好相反。

关键词: 国家网络国家运营商网络路由器标注一致性相似率境外占比差

DOI：10.19363/J.cnki.cn10-1380/tn.2025.03.05

投稿时间：2023-01-17修订日期：2023-08-08

基金项目:本课题得到国家重点研发计划资助项目(No. 22022YFB3102903)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No. HIT.OCEF.2021007)资助。

Similarity Analysis of National Network and Operator’s Network

ZHU Jinyu, ZHANG Yu, WANG Yunan, Z HANG Hongli, FANG Binxing

(School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract:

In the context of cyberspace sovereignty, there is an inconsistency between the National Network divided by national sovereignty and the national Operator’s Network divided by network ownership. To study the deployment of the National Network and Operators’ Network in various countries around the world, this paper proposes a consistency analysis method for the National Network and Operator’s Network from the perspective of network topology measurement data. First, a heuristic method based on router constraints is used to annotate the nation and operator where the topology data is located and a national-level “jurisdiction-ownership” data set of global routers is extracted. Secondly, the consistency index between the National Network and Operator’s Network based on the similarity rate and the external ratio difference is proposed, and quantitative analysis is carried out from the multi-dimensional network and border, router and link, and a consistency index between the National Network and the Operator’s Network of each nation in the world is obtained. Finally, the deployment status of Internet infrastructure in different nations is studied in terms of the deployment scale, scope, and consistency. The experimental results show that the coverage of the router constraint-based heuristic method for annotating topological data is 99.12%, and the accuracy of annotated geographic countries and operator’s countries is 96.47% and 75.08%, respectively, as verified by IXP. Among the 187 sovereign countries in the world covered by the topology data, the average internal similarity between the National Network and Operator’s Network is 0.66, with 106 countries above the average, and the average external ratio difference is 0.15, with 121 countries below the average. The vast majority of countries have higher consistency in routers and links in the network than in border routers and links. 95 countries have higher consistency. A few nations have most of the resources of the global Internet and are closely associated with the Internet infrastructure of many nations, for example, the United States has 39.2% of the total number of global routers, which are deployed in 111 nations, while 109 nations have routers deployed in only 5 nations or less. The number of internet infrastructures distributed in other countries such as China, Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway far exceeds the number deployed in their own territories, while nations such as Japan, Mexico, Finland, and Germany do the opposite.

Key words: national network operator's network routers'annotation consistency similarity external ratio difference